February 1982 Irish general election
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166 seats in Dáil Éireann[a] 84 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 73.8%  2.4pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The February 1982 Irish general election to the 23rd Dáil was held on Thursday, 18 February, three weeks after the dissolution of the 22nd Dáil on 27 January by President Patrick Hillery on the request of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald on the defeat of the government's budget. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.
The 23rd Dáil met at Leinster House on 9 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Charles Haughey was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 18th government of Ireland, a minority single-party Fianna Fáil government.
Background
[edit]The first general election of 1982 was caused by the sudden collapse of the Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition government when the budget was defeated. The Minister for Finance, John Bruton, attempted to put VAT on children's shoes. This measure was rejected by Jim Kemmy, a left-wing independent Teachta Dála, and Joe Sherlock of Sinn Féin The Workers' Party.[3]
Dissolution of the Dáil
[edit]On 27 January 1982 Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald sought an immediate dissolution of the Dáil following the collapse of his minority government. While FitzGerald met with President Patrick Hillery at Áras an Uachtaráin, several Fianna Fáil members (including party leader Charles Haughey and former Foreign Minister Brian Lenihan Snr) attempted to contact the president. Their aim was to persuade Hillery to deny the dissolution, which would have forced FitzGerald to resign and allowed the Dáil to nominate a new Taoiseach, paving the way for Haughey’s potential return to office.[3]
The attempts to influence Hillery were unconstitutional, as the president is bound to act only on the advice of the Taoiseach in such matters and must otherwise act independently under the constitutional principle of "as a chomhairle féin" or "under his own counsel". Hillery, angered by the interference, rejected the overtures. Allegations later emerged that Haughey had threatened Hillery’s aide-de-camp, Captain Anthony Barber, after being denied access to the president.[3]
Ultimately, Hillery upheld his constitutional obligations and granted FitzGerald the dissolution, triggering a general election campaign. In a protective gesture, Hillery ordered a note to be placed on Barber’s service record to shield him from potential retribution.[3]
Campaign
[edit]The campaign was dominated by economic issues, with all parties downplaying the necessity of spending cuts despite the country’s severe fiscal challenges. Fianna Fáil, under Charles Haughey, initially dismissed the need for austerity, presenting policies focused on increasing disposable income for families. Their message resonated with voters, earning headlines such as "FF’s family budget" in the Evening Echo on February 12. However, as the campaign progressed, the need for more realistic measures became evident, and Fianna Fáil pivoted towards policies resembling those already implemented by Fine Gael during its time in office. Garret FitzGerald, leading Fine Gael, criticised Fianna Fáil’s initial proposals as "myopic".[3]
Result
[edit]The election results revealed a closely fought contest. Although Fianna Fáil won the largest number of seats, securing 81 out of the 84 needed for a majority, the outcome was not decisive. The Evening Echo in Cork reflected the tight result with the headline "Trend to FF, but FG fight back".[3]
| Election to the 23rd Dáil – 18 February 1982[4][5][6][7] | ||||||||
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| Party | Leader | Seats | ± | % of seats |
First pref. votes |
% FPv | ±% | |
| Fianna Fáil | Charles Haughey | 81 | +3 | 48.8 | 786,951 | 47.3 | +2.0 | |
| Fine Gael | Garret FitzGerald | 63 | –2 | 38.0 | 621,088 | 37.3 | +0.8 | |
| Labour | Michael O'Leary | 15 | 0 | 9.0 | 151,875 | 9.1 | –0.8 | |
| Sinn Féin The Workers' Party | Tomás Mac Giolla | 3 | +2 | 1.8 | 38,088 | 2.3 | +0.6 | |
| Sinn Féin | Ruairí Ó Brádaigh | 0 | New | 0 | 16,894 | 1.0 | – | |
| Irish Republican Socialist | 0 | New | 0 | 2,716 | 0.2 | – | ||
| Communist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 462 | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Independent | N/A | 4[a] | 0 | 2.4 | 46,059 | 2.8 | –0.9 | |
| Spoilt votes | 14,367 | — | — | |||||
| Total | 166 | 0 | 100 | 1,678,500 | 100 | — | ||
| Electorate/Turnout | 2,275,450 | 73.8% | — | |||||
Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (11,732 votes, 1 seat).
Voting summary
[edit]Seats summary
[edit]Government formation
[edit]Fianna Fáil emerged out of the election as the largest party and appeared most likely to form a government. However, internal divisions within the party threatened Charles Haughey’s bid for Taoiseach. Despite speculation about a potential leadership challenge by Desmond O'Malley, which ultimately failed to materialise, Haughey was confirmed as the party's nominee. To secure the necessary support for his return to office, Fianna Fáil struck a deal with socialist TD Tony Gregory, Independent Fianna Fáil TD Neil Blaney, and the three Sinn Féin The Workers' Party deputies, including Joe Sherlock. With this backing, Haughey was appointed Taoiseach, allowing Fianna Fáil to form a government, the 18th Government of Ireland.[3]
Dáil membership changes
[edit]The following changes took place as a result of the election:
- 7 outgoing TDs retired
- 1 vacant seat at election time
- 157 outgoing TDs stood for re-election (also John O'Connell, the outgoing Ceann Comhairle, who was automatically returned)
- 136 of those were re-elected
- 21 failed to be re-elected
- 29 successor TDs were elected
- 21 were elected for the first time
- 8 had previously been TDs
- There was 1 successor female TD, who replaced 4 outgoing; thus the total decreased by 3 to 8.
- There were changes in 26 of 41 constituencies
Where more than one change took place in a constituency the concept of successor is an approximation for presentation only.
Seanad election
[edit]The Dáil election was followed by an election to the 16th Seanad.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Including John O'Connell (Ind), returned automatically for Dublin South-Central as outgoing Ceann Comhairle, under Art. 16.6 of the Constitution and the Electoral Act 1963, as amended.[1][2]
- ^ Doherty died in August 1981 but no by-election had been called by the time of the general election.
References
[edit]- ^ Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1980, s. 1: Amendment of section 14 of Electoral Act 1963 (No. 40 of 1980, s. 1). Enacted on 23 December 1980. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
- ^ "23rd Dáil 1982 February: Dublin South-Central". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g O’Keeffe, Donal (24 November 2024). "Nostalgia: Year of Vat on children's shoes and efforts to influence the Áras". The Echo. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (February, 1982) for twenty-third Dáil" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. August 1982. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ "23rd Dáil February 1982 General Election". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ "Dáil elections since 1918". ARK Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. pp. 1009–1017. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
External links
[edit]- February 1982 election: Party leaders' debate RTÉ archives
Further reading
[edit]- Nealon, Ted; Brennan, Séamus (eds.). Nealon's guide: 23rd Dáil & Seanad: election '82. Platform Press. ISBN 0950598445.
